In this data article, we provide the dataset which served as the basis for our related research article "Mapping critical cortical hubs and white matter pathways by direct electrical stimulation: an original functional atlas of the human brain" [1], which represents the first probabilistic cortical and subcortical atlas of critical structures mediating human brain functions based on direct electrical stimulation (DES) in patients undergoing awake brain surgery. 1162 cortical and 659 subcortical DES-derived responses were recorded during testing of 16 functional domains in 256 patients undergoing awake surgery. Normalized [Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) 152] spatial coordinates for cortical and subcortical responses, and probabilistic heat maps for each functional domain, were computed using methods previously developed by our group [2,3]. Source data, including the MNI-normalized coordinates of all 1821 DES-derived cortical and subcortical data points, and multi-planar (MNI-152, T1 1mm) videos showing the probabilistic distribution of each functional domain are provided. This novel dataset can improve and refine our understanding about the functional anatomy of critical brain networks, and these data are made available for medical and neuroscience applications.