The role of mobile health technologies in allergy care: An EAACI position paper
Paolo Maria Matricardi
(1)
,
Stephanie Dramburg
(1)
,
Alberto Alvarez-Perea
(2)
,
Darío Antolín-Amérigo
(3)
,
Christian Apfelbacher
(4)
,
Marina Atanaskovic-Markovic
(5)
,
Uwe Berger
(6)
,
Michael Blaiss
(7)
,
Simon Blank
(8, 9)
,
Elisa Boni
,
Matteo Bonini
(10, 11, 12)
,
Jean Bousquet
(13, 14)
,
Knut Brockow
(15)
,
Jeroen Buters
(9)
,
Victoria Cardona
(16)
,
Jean-Christoph Caubet
(17)
,
Özlem Cavkaytar
(18)
,
Tania Elliott
(19)
,
Ignacio Esteban-Gorgojo
(20)
,
Joao Fonseca
(21, 22)
,
James Gardner
(23, 24)
,
Philippe Gevaert
(25)
,
Ileana Ghiordanescu
(26)
,
Peter Hellings
(27, 28)
,
Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber
(6)
,
A. Fusun Kalpaklioglu
(29)
,
Farid Marmouz
(30)
,
Ángela Meijide Calderón
(31)
,
Ralph Mösges
(32, 33)
,
Alla Nakonechna
(34, 35)
,
Markus Ollert
(36, 37)
,
José Oteros
(9, 8)
,
Giovanni Pajno
(38)
,
Catalina Panaitescu
(39)
,
Daniel Perez-Formigo
(40, 41)
,
Oliver Pfaar
(42)
,
Constantinos Pitsios
(43)
,
Michael Rudenko
(44)
,
Dermot Ryan
(45)
,
Silvia Sánchez-García
(46, 47)
,
Jennifer Shih
(48)
,
Salvatore Tripodi
(49)
,
Lauri-Ann van Der Poel
(50)
,
Harmieke van Os-Medendorp
(51)
,
Gilda Varricchi
(52)
,
Jörn Wittmann
,
Margitta Worm
(1)
,
Ioana Agache
(53)
1
Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Berlin University Medicine
2 Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón" [Madrid]
3 Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal [Madrid]
4 University of Regensburg
5 University of Belgrade [Belgrade]
6 Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna
7 Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia
8 CK-CARE, ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment
9 HMGU - Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health
10 Royal Brompton Hospital
11 Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
12 Unicatt - Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma]
13 CHRU Montpellier - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier]
14 MACVIA-LR - Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon
15 TUM - Technische Universität Munchen - Technical University Munich - Université Technique de Munich
16 Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona]
17 HUG - Geneva University Hospital
18 IMU - Istanbul Medeniyet University [Istanbul, Turquie]
19 NYU Langone Medical Center - New York University Langone Medical Center
20 General Hospital of Villalba [Madrid]
21 CINTESIS - Center of Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems
22 Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
23 Great North Children's Hospital
24 Newcastle University [Newcastle]
25 Ghent University Hospital
26 Emergency University Hospital Elias
27 EUFOREA - European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases
28 KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
29 University of Kirikkale
30 Hopital Réné Dubos
31 University of Vigo [ Pontevedra]
32 University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne]
33 Clinical Research International Ltd.
34 Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust
35 Liverpool Hope University
36 LIH - Luxembourg Institute of Health
37 SDU - University of Southern Denmark
38 UniMe - Università degli Studi di Messina = University of Messina
39 RespiRo - Romanian Primary Care Respiratory Group
40 Hospital Universitario de Torrejón
41 Univ Politecn Madrid, Ctr Tecnol Biomed, Pozuelo De Alarcon 28223, Madrid, Spain
42 Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg
43 UCY - University of Cyprus [Nicosia]
44 Centre Harley Street Allergy Clinic
45 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics - Centre of Medical Informatics [Edinburgh, UK]
46 HIUNJ - Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús
47 Institute of Health Carlos III
48 Emory University School of Medicine
49 Ospedale Policlinico Casilino - Policlinico Casilino
50 Medical Physics Department,Guy's and St Thomas'NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
51 UMCU - University Medical Center [Utrecht]
52 "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School
53 Transilvania University of Brasov
2 Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón" [Madrid]
3 Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal [Madrid]
4 University of Regensburg
5 University of Belgrade [Belgrade]
6 Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna
7 Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia
8 CK-CARE, ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment
9 HMGU - Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health
10 Royal Brompton Hospital
11 Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
12 Unicatt - Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma]
13 CHRU Montpellier - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier]
14 MACVIA-LR - Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon
15 TUM - Technische Universität Munchen - Technical University Munich - Université Technique de Munich
16 Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona]
17 HUG - Geneva University Hospital
18 IMU - Istanbul Medeniyet University [Istanbul, Turquie]
19 NYU Langone Medical Center - New York University Langone Medical Center
20 General Hospital of Villalba [Madrid]
21 CINTESIS - Center of Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems
22 Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
23 Great North Children's Hospital
24 Newcastle University [Newcastle]
25 Ghent University Hospital
26 Emergency University Hospital Elias
27 EUFOREA - European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases
28 KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
29 University of Kirikkale
30 Hopital Réné Dubos
31 University of Vigo [ Pontevedra]
32 University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne]
33 Clinical Research International Ltd.
34 Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust
35 Liverpool Hope University
36 LIH - Luxembourg Institute of Health
37 SDU - University of Southern Denmark
38 UniMe - Università degli Studi di Messina = University of Messina
39 RespiRo - Romanian Primary Care Respiratory Group
40 Hospital Universitario de Torrejón
41 Univ Politecn Madrid, Ctr Tecnol Biomed, Pozuelo De Alarcon 28223, Madrid, Spain
42 Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg
43 UCY - University of Cyprus [Nicosia]
44 Centre Harley Street Allergy Clinic
45 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics - Centre of Medical Informatics [Edinburgh, UK]
46 HIUNJ - Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús
47 Institute of Health Carlos III
48 Emory University School of Medicine
49 Ospedale Policlinico Casilino - Policlinico Casilino
50 Medical Physics Department,Guy's and St Thomas'NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
51 UMCU - University Medical Center [Utrecht]
52 "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School
53 Transilvania University of Brasov
Paolo Maria Matricardi
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Stephanie Dramburg
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Christian Apfelbacher
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Uwe Berger
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Michael Blaiss
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Simon Blank
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Elisa Boni
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Jean Bousquet
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Knut Brockow
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Jeroen Buters
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Victoria Cardona
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Özlem Cavkaytar
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Joao Fonseca
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Philippe Gevaert
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Peter Hellings
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Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber
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Ángela Meijide Calderón
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Ralph Mösges
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Alla Nakonechna
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José Oteros
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Giovanni Pajno
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Oliver Pfaar
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Constantinos Pitsios
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Michael Rudenko
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Dermot Ryan
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Jennifer Shih
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Salvatore Tripodi
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Gilda Varricchi
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Jörn Wittmann
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Margitta Worm
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Ioana Agache
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Résumé
Mobile health (mHealth) uses mobile communication devices such as smartphones and tablet computers to support and improve health-related services, data and information flow, patient self-management, surveillance, and disease management from the moment of first diagnosis to an optimized treatment. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology created a task force to assess the state of the art and future potential of mHealth in allergology. The task force endorsed the "Be He@lthy, Be Mobile" WHO initiative and debated the quality, usability, efficiency, advantages, limitations, and risks of mobile solutions for allergic diseases. The results are summarized in this position paper, analyzing also the regulatory background with regard to the "General Data Protection Regulation" and Medical Directives of the European Community. The task force assessed the design, user engagement, content, potential of inducing behavioral change, credibility/accountability, and privacy policies of mHealth products. The perspectives of healthcare professionals and allergic patients are discussed, underlining the need of thorough investigation for an effective design of mHealth technologies as auxiliary tools to improve quality of care. Within the context of precision medicine, these could facilitate the change in perspective from clinician- to patient-centered care. The current and future potential of mHealth is then examined for specific areas of allergology, including allergic rhinitis, aerobiology, allergen immunotherapy, asthma, dermatological diseases, food allergies, anaphylaxis, insect venom, and drug allergy. The impact of mobile technologies and associated big data sets are outlined. Facts and recommendations for future mHealth initiatives within EAACI are listed.