Background: The objective was to explore the role of patient sex in cognitive recovery and to identify predictive factors for non-recovery in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: All patients with AUD admitted to a residential addictions treatment center were systematically assessed at admission and after 6 weeks of abstinence in a controlled environment. The inclusion criteria were that patients were admitted for AUD with baseline alcohol-related cognitive impairment (baseline total Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score \textless 26) and reassessed at 6 weeks (n = 395). A logistic regression model was built to determine the influence of sex on recovery status (MoCA \textless or >= 26) taking into account the interaction effect of sex with alcohol consumption on cognitive function. Results: The mean age was 50.10 years (SD = 9.79), and 27.41% were women. At baseline, the mean MoCA scores were 21.36 (SD = 3.04). Participants who did not achieve recovery (59.3% of women vs 53.8% of men) had lower total MoCA scores at baseline. The 2 factors that was significantly and independently associated with non-recovery and with a non-zero coefficient was being a woman and initial MoCA score (respective adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.5 and 0.96, p-values \textless 0.05). Conclusions: These results could influence the time required in a controlled environment to maintain abstinence and the duration of in-care for women.