PURPOSE:Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common complication in patients with neurogenic bladder. The long-term use of antibiotic drugs induces an increase in antimicrobial resistance and adverse drug reactions. Bacterial interference is a new concept to prevent recurrent UTI which consists in a bladder colonization with low virulence bacteria. We performed a literature review on this emerging therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Literature review of bacterial interference to prevent symptomatic urinary tract infection in neurological population.RESULTS:Seven prospectives study including 3 randomized, double-blind and placebo controlled trial were analyzed. The neurological population was spinal cord injured in most cases. The bladder colonization was performed with 2 non-pathogen strains of Escherichia coli: HU 2117 and 83972. At 1 month, 38 to 83% of patients were colonized. Mean duration of colonization was 48.5 days to 12.3 months. All studies showed that colonization might reduce the number of urinary tract infections and is safe with absence of serious side effects.CONCLUSION:Bacterial interference is a promising alternative therapy for the prevention of recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infections in neurogenic patients. This therapy should have developments for a daily use practice and for a long-term efficacy.