This study examines the current situation of Japanese family firms. We present evidence from Japan, with a focus on longevity and succession problems. Despite the existence of long-established firms that have survived through the centuries, research on family firms in Japan has barely begun. We build on the few existing studies in this field. We contend that the particularity of Japan can provide interesting inputs to the field of family firms. Supported by the findings, this study suggests a new line of research and contributes to the following: 1) rethinking the definition of family firms; 2) assessment of the status quo based on a comparative approach between Western countries and Japan; 3) stock-taking of Japanese centenary firms; 4) classification of family business issues, especially those related to succession.