Environmental and energy problems have drawn much attention owing to rapid population growth and accelerated economic development. For instance, photocatalysis, a green technology, plays an important role in solar-energy conversion owing to its potential to solve energy and environmental problems. Recently, many efforts have been devoted to improving visible-light photocatalytic activity by using titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst as a result of its wide range of applications in the energy and environment fields. However, fast charge recombination and an absorption edge in the UV range limit the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 under visible-light irradiation. Many investigations have been undertaken to overcome the limitations of TiO2 and, therefore, to enhance its photocatalytic activity under visible light. The present literature review focuses on different strategies used to promote the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs and to shift the absorption edge of TiO2 to the visible region. Current synthesis techniques used to elaborate several nanostructures of TiO2-based materials, recent progress in enhancing visible photocatalytic activity, and different photocatalysis applications will be discussed. On the basis of the studies reported in the literature, we believe that this review will help in the development of new strategies to improve the visible-light photocatalytic performance of TiO2-based materials further.