Biological channels have been an inspiration to design nanopore in solid state, inorganic or polymeric materials. However, the limitations of those materials are the lack of selectivity and unresponsiveness against stimuli. Thus their functionalization is a key point to develop nanopore technology. Among all artificial nanopores, silicon based and polymeric are the most studied. Their functionalization with more and less complex systems will permit to improve their (i) properties of selective transportation or (ii) biosensing activity.