Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries
D. Wasserman
(1)
,
G. Apter
(2, 3)
,
C. Baeken
(4)
,
S. Bailey
(5)
,
J. Balazs
(6)
,
C. Bec
(1)
,
P. Bienkowski
(7)
,
J. Bobes
(8)
,
M. F Bravo Ortiz
(9, 10)
,
H. Brunn
(11)
,
Ö. Bôke
(12)
,
N. Camilleri
(13)
,
B. Carpiniello
(14)
,
J. Chihai
(15)
,
E. Chkonia
(16)
,
P. Courtet
(17, 18)
,
D. Cozman
(19)
,
M. David
,
G. Dom
(20)
,
A. Esanu
,
P. Falkai
(21)
,
W. Flannery
(22)
,
K. Gasparyan
(23)
,
G. Gerlinger
,
P. Gorwood
(24)
,
O. Gudmundsson
(25)
,
C. Hanon
(26)
,
A. Heinz
(27)
,
M. J Heitor dos Santos
(28)
,
A. Hedlund
,
F. Ismayilov
,
N. Ismayilov
(29)
,
E. T Isometsä
(30)
,
L. Izakova
(31)
,
A. Kleinberg
(32)
,
T. Kurimay
(33)
,
S. Klæbo Reitan
(33)
,
D. Lecic-Tosevski
(34)
,
A. Lehmets
(35)
,
N. Lindberg
(36)
,
K. A Lundblad
,
G. Lynch
,
C. Maddock
,
U.F. Malt
(37)
,
L. Martin
,
I. Martynikhin
(38)
,
N. O Maruta
,
F. Matthys
(39)
,
R. Mazaliauskiene
(40)
,
G. Mihajlovic
(41)
,
A. Mihaljevic Peles
(42)
,
V. Miklavic
(43)
,
P. Mohr
(44)
,
M. Munarriz Ferrandis
,
M. Musalek
(45)
,
N. Neznanov
,
G. Ostorharics-Horvath
,
I. Pajević
(46)
,
A. Popova
,
P. Pregelj
(47)
,
E. Prinsen
,
C. Rados
,
A. Roig
,
M Rojnic Rojnic Kuzman
(42)
,
J. Samochowiec
(48)
,
N. Sartorius
,
Y. Savenko
,
O. Skugarevsky
(49)
,
E. Slodecki
,
A. Soghoyan
(23)
,
D. S Stone
(1)
,
R. Taylor-East
(13)
,
E. Terauds
(50)
,
C. Tsopelas
,
C. Tudose
(51)
,
S. Tyano
,
P. Vallon
,
R. J van Der Gaag
,
P. Varandas
,
L. Vavrusova
,
P. Voloshyn
(52)
,
J. Wancata
(53)
,
J. Wise
(54)
,
Z. Zemishlany
,
F. Öncü
,
S. Vahip
(55)
1
Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]
2 Groupe Hospitalier du Havre
3 UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie
4 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University
5 UCLAN - University of Central Lancashire [Preston]
6 ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University
7 Medical University of Warsaw - Poland
8 University of Oviedo
9 Hospital Universitario La Paz
10 UAM - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
11 SDU - University of Southern Denmark
12 OMU - Ondokuz Mayis University
13 University of Malta [Malta]
14 UniCa - Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari
15 USMF - Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy
16 Department of Pediatrics - Tbilisi State Medical University
17 CHRU Montpellier - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier]
18 PSNREC - Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique
19 UMF - Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca = Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Iuliu Haţieganu din Cluj-Napoca
20 UA - University of Antwerp
21 LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München
22 The Mater Hospital - Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
23 Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi
24 IPNP - U1266 Inserm - Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris
25 Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland
26 Hôpital Corentin Celton [Issy-les-Moulineaux]
27 Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]
28 ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
29 Azerbaijan Medical University
30 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
31 Comenius University in Bratislava
32 Tallinn Children's Hospital [Tallinn, Estonia]
33 Semmelweis University [Budapest]
34 SASA - Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
35 Tallinn Central Hospital
36 HUS - Helsinki University Hospital [Finland]
37 UiO - University of Oslo
38 First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg [Russian Federation]
39 Universitair Ziekenhuis [Brussels, Belgium]
40 LSMU - Lithuanian University of health Sciences
41 University of Kragujevac
42 University Hospital Centre Zagreb
43 UMCL - University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia]
44 UK - Univerzita Karlova [Praha, Česká republika] = Charles University [Prague, Czech Republic]
45 SFU - Sigmund Freud University
46 University Clinic Centre Tuzla
47 University of Ljubljana
48 PUM - Pomeranian Medical University [Szczecin]
49 BSMU - Belarusian State Medical University
50 RSU - Riga Stradins University
51 UMPCD - University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest
52 Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
53 Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna
54 CNWL-NHSFT - CNWL NHS Foundation Trust [London, UK]
55 Ege university
2 Groupe Hospitalier du Havre
3 UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie
4 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University
5 UCLAN - University of Central Lancashire [Preston]
6 ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University
7 Medical University of Warsaw - Poland
8 University of Oviedo
9 Hospital Universitario La Paz
10 UAM - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
11 SDU - University of Southern Denmark
12 OMU - Ondokuz Mayis University
13 University of Malta [Malta]
14 UniCa - Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari
15 USMF - Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy
16 Department of Pediatrics - Tbilisi State Medical University
17 CHRU Montpellier - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier]
18 PSNREC - Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique
19 UMF - Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca = Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Iuliu Haţieganu din Cluj-Napoca
20 UA - University of Antwerp
21 LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München
22 The Mater Hospital - Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
23 Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi
24 IPNP - U1266 Inserm - Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris
25 Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland
26 Hôpital Corentin Celton [Issy-les-Moulineaux]
27 Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]
28 ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
29 Azerbaijan Medical University
30 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
31 Comenius University in Bratislava
32 Tallinn Children's Hospital [Tallinn, Estonia]
33 Semmelweis University [Budapest]
34 SASA - Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
35 Tallinn Central Hospital
36 HUS - Helsinki University Hospital [Finland]
37 UiO - University of Oslo
38 First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg [Russian Federation]
39 Universitair Ziekenhuis [Brussels, Belgium]
40 LSMU - Lithuanian University of health Sciences
41 University of Kragujevac
42 University Hospital Centre Zagreb
43 UMCL - University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia]
44 UK - Univerzita Karlova [Praha, Česká republika] = Charles University [Prague, Czech Republic]
45 SFU - Sigmund Freud University
46 University Clinic Centre Tuzla
47 University of Ljubljana
48 PUM - Pomeranian Medical University [Szczecin]
49 BSMU - Belarusian State Medical University
50 RSU - Riga Stradins University
51 UMPCD - University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest
52 Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
53 Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna
54 CNWL-NHSFT - CNWL NHS Foundation Trust [London, UK]
55 Ege university
P. Courtet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 833371
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6519-8586
- IdRef : 060385022
M. David
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 803631
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4172-3112
A. Esanu
- Fonction : Auteur
G. Gerlinger
- Fonction : Auteur
A. Hedlund
- Fonction : Auteur
F. Ismayilov
- Fonction : Auteur
K. A Lundblad
- Fonction : Auteur
G. Lynch
- Fonction : Auteur
C. Maddock
- Fonction : Auteur
L. Martin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 755180
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9163-8477
N. O Maruta
- Fonction : Auteur
M. Munarriz Ferrandis
- Fonction : Auteur
N. Neznanov
- Fonction : Auteur
G. Ostorharics-Horvath
- Fonction : Auteur
A. Popova
- Fonction : Auteur
E. Prinsen
- Fonction : Auteur
C. Rados
- Fonction : Auteur
A. Roig
- Fonction : Auteur
N. Sartorius
- Fonction : Auteur
Y. Savenko
- Fonction : Auteur
E. Slodecki
- Fonction : Auteur
C. Tsopelas
- Fonction : Auteur
S. Tyano
- Fonction : Auteur
P. Vallon
- Fonction : Auteur
R. J van Der Gaag
- Fonction : Auteur
P. Varandas
- Fonction : Auteur
L. Vavrusova
- Fonction : Auteur
Z. Zemishlany
- Fonction : Auteur
F. Öncü
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
Abstract Background. Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care. Methods. The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions. Results. We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures. Conclusions. We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.
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