Identification of groundwater flow systems in the hydrogeological system of the Aburra Valley
Résumé
Groundwater flow systems, into the saturated and unsaturated zones, come from different
places depending on the geological, structural and geomorphological configuration of the
area. Those which come from places near of recharge zone are known as local flows, and
those which come from more distant places from this area are known as intermediate and
regional flows. The former have short circulation times from months to years, the latest vary
from hundreds to thousands of years. This paper had the aim to identify and to delimit the
presence of these groundwater flow systems in the urban hydrogeological system of Aburra
Valley –Colombia–, through the analysis of the current hydrogeological model, the variables
that characterize groundwater flow systems and hydrochemical information. The results
were validated through isotopic analysis. By use of hydrochemical techniques was possible
to stablish that the main processes that govern chemical composition of groundwater in the
aquifer system are weathering of silicates, dissolution of ferromagnesian minerals, direct
ionic exchange, chemical evolution of groundwater and some events of anthropic
contamination. By analyzing the variation of chloride and sulphate was found that the main
source of these ions is in depth, from intermediate and regional flows. Zones where local,
intermediate and regional groundwater flow systems are present were delimitated. Local
flows are widely distributed by the study area, are recharged inside the Aburrá river basin,
main source of discharge of the area, and are discharged both the slopes and valley.
Intermediate and regional flows are recharged outside the Aburrá river basin and discharged
exclusively in the valley, near the axis of the river, by vertical upward flows. It was
determined that within the aquifer system processes of groundwater mixture from different
chemical composition are presented.