Biased signaling through G-protein-coupled PROKR2 receptors harboring missense mutations
Résumé
Various missense mutations in the gene coding for prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor, have been identified in patients with Kallmann syndrome. However, the functional consequences of these mutations on the different signaling pathways of this receptor have not been studied. We first showed that the wild-type PROKR2 can activate different G-protein subtypes (Gq, Gs, and Gi/o) and recruit beta-arrestins in transfected HEK-293 cells. We then examined, for each of these signaling pathways, the effects of 9 mutations that did not significantly impair cell surface targeting or ligand binding of the receptor. Four mutant receptors showing defective Gq signaling (R85C, R85H, R164Q, and V331M) could still recruit beta-arrestins on ligand activation, which may cause biased signaling in vivo. Conversely, the R80C receptor could activate the 3 types of G proteins but could not recruit beta-arrestins. Finally, the R268C receptor could recruit beta-arrestins and activate the Gq and Gs signaling pathways but could not activate the Gi/o signaling pathway. Our results validate the concept that mutations in the genes encoding membrane receptors can bias downstream signaling in various ways, possibly leading to pathogenic and, perhaps in some cases, protective (e.g., R268C) effects.
Mots clés
Mutagenesis
Site-Directed
*Mutation
Missense
beta-arrestin
Calcium Signaling/genetics/physiology
Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism
GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits
Gi-Go/*metabolism
Gq-G11/*metabolism
Gs/*metabolism
Kallmann syndrome
Kallmann Syndrome/*genetics
Neuropeptides/metabolism
prokineticin
Receptors
G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*physiology
Peptide/genetics/*physiology
Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
Signal Transduction/genetics/*physiology
Humans
HEK293 Cells
Protein Binding
Protein Transport
Models
Molecular
Arrestins/*metabolism
Transfection
Protein Conformation