Despite the enforcement of European regulations, the dissemination of metal trace elements in nature is evolving, while the depletion of mineral resources is alarming. The aim of ecocatalysis is the implementation of breakthrough innovation and crossdisciplinary research in ecological restoration, organic chemistry and green catalysis to overcome this paradox. Ecocatalysis focuses on the ecological rehabilitation of mining sites by phytoextraction, treatment of industrial effluents by remedial phytotechnology, named rhizofiltration. Based on the ability of specific plants to concentrate metals, we address the transformation of plant-derived transition metals to green catalysts. The structure, activity, selectivity and recyclability of ecocatalysts are showcased in selected reactions, such as oxidations, reductions and coupling reactions. The concept of ecocatalysis provides catalytic and ecological tools for tomorrow's chemistry, based on the recycling of primary and strategic metals to create scientific and economical values. It offers pioneering solutions to initiate an unprecedented program in green catalysis.