D. Jong, A. Molinari, N. Terzi, N. Mongardon, N. et al., Early identification of patients at risk for difficult intubation in ICU: development and validation of the MACOCHA score in a multicenter cohort study, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.187, pp.832-839, 2013.

S. Jaber, J. Amraoui, J. Lefrant, C. Arich, R. Cohendy et al., Clinical practice and risk factors for immediate complications of endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit: a prospective, multiple-center study, Crit Care Med, vol.34, pp.2355-2361, 2006.

S. Jaber, B. Jung, P. Corne, M. Sebbane, L. Muller et al., An intervention to decrease complications related to endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit: a prospective, multiple-center study, Intensive Care Med, vol.36, pp.248-255, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02550540

D. Griesdale, T. L. Bosma, T. Kurth, G. Isac, and D. R. Chittock, Complications of endotracheal intubation in the critically ill, Intensive Care Med, vol.34, pp.1835-1842, 2008.

P. Szmuk, T. Ezri, S. Evron, Y. Roth, and J. Katz, A brief history of tracheostomy and tracheal intubation, from the Bronze Age to the Space Age, Intensive Care Med, vol.34, pp.222-228, 2008.

D. Griesdale, D. Liu, J. Mckinney, and P. T. Choi, Glidescope Ò videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Can J Anaesth, vol.59, pp.41-52, 2012.

P. Kory, K. Guevarra, J. P. Mathew, A. Hegde, and P. H. Mayo, The impact of video laryngoscopy use during urgent endotracheal intubation in the critically ill, Anesth Analg, vol.117, pp.144-149, 2013.

D. Jong, A. Clavieras, N. Conseil, M. Coisel, Y. Moury et al., Implementation of a combo videolaryngoscope for intubation in critically ill patients: a before-after comparative study, Intensive Care Med, vol.39, pp.2144-2152, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02549939

A. Larsson and G. Dhonneur, Videolaryngoscopy: towards a new standard method for tracheal intubation in the ICU?, Intensive Care Med, vol.39, pp.2220-2222, 2013.

D. J. Yeatts, R. P. Dutton, P. F. Hu, Y. W. Chang, C. H. Brown et al., Effect of video laryngoscopy on trauma patient survival: a randomized controlled trial, J Trauma Acute Care Surg, vol.75, pp.212-219, 2013.

A. Liberati, D. G. Altman, J. Tetzlaff, C. Mulrow, P. C. Gotzsche et al., The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration, BMJ, vol.339, p.2700, 2009.

J. L. Apfelbaum, C. A. Hagberg, R. A. Caplan, C. D. Blitt, R. T. Connis et al., Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway, Anesthesiology, vol.118, pp.251-270, 2013.

J. Higgins and . Gs, Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011.

G. A. Wells, O. Sb, D. Connell, J. Peterson, V. Welch et al., The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in metaanalyses, 2009.

B. Mesgarpour, B. H. Heidinger, M. Schwameis, C. Kienbacher, C. Walsh et al., Safety of off-label erythropoiesis stimulating agents in critically ill patients: a metaanalysis, Intensive Care Med, vol.39, pp.1896-1908, 2013.

D. E. Griesdale, A. Chau, G. Isac, N. Ayas, D. Foster et al., Video-laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in critically ill patients: a pilot randomized trial, Can J Anaesth, vol.59, pp.1032-1039, 2012.

M. Silverberg, N. Li, and P. Kory, Efficacy of video laryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy during urgent endotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled trial, Chest J, vol.144, pp.580-580, 2013.

R. R. Noppens, S. Geimer, N. Eisel, M. David, and T. Piepho, Endotracheal intubation using the C-MAC(R) video laryngoscope or the Macintosh laryngoscope: a prospective, comparative study in the ICU, Crit Care, vol.16, p.103, 2012.

K. Ural, C. Subaiya, C. Taylor, U. Ramadhyani, H. Scuderi-porter et al., Analysis of orotracheal intubation techniques in the intensive care unit, Crit Care Resusc, vol.13, pp.89-96, 2011.

V. Lakticova, S. J. Koenig, M. Narasimhan, and P. H. Mayo, Video laryngoscopy is associated with increased first pass success and decreased rate of esophageal intubations during urgent endotracheal intubation in a medical intensive care unit when compared to direct laryngoscopy, J Intensive Care Med, 2013.

J. M. Mosier, S. P. Whitmore, J. W. Bloom, L. S. Snyder, L. A. Graham et al., Video laryngoscopy improves intubation success and reduces esophageal intubations compared to direct laryngoscopy in the medical intensive care unit, Crit Care, vol.17, p.237, 2013.

J. C. Sakles, J. Mosier, S. Chiu, M. Cosentino, and L. Kalin, A comparison of the C-MAC video laryngoscope to the Macintosh direct laryngoscope for intubation in the emergency department, Ann Emerg Med, vol.60, pp.739-748, 2012.

J. C. Sakles, J. M. Mosier, S. Chiu, and S. M. Keim, Tracheal intubation in the emergency department: a comparison of GlideScope(R) video laryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy in 822 intubations, J Emerg Med, vol.42, issue.11, pp.529-533, 2012.

J. M. Mosier, U. Stolz, S. Chiu, and J. C. Sakles, Difficult airway management in the emergency department: GlideScope videolaryngoscopy compared to direct laryngoscopy, J Emerg Med, vol.42, issue.11, pp.627-632, 2012.

J. C. Sakles, A. E. Patanwala, J. M. Mosier, and J. M. Dicken, Comparison of video laryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy for intubation of patients with difficult airway characteristics in the emergency department, Intern Emerg Med, 2013.

O. Langeron, P. Cuvillon, C. Ibanez-esteve, F. Lenfant, B. Riou et al., Prediction of difficult tracheal intubation: time for a paradigm change, Anesthesiology, vol.117, pp.1223-1233, 2012.

G. D. Simpson, M. J. Ross, D. W. Mckeown, and D. C. Ray, Tracheal intubation in the critically ill: a multi-centre national study of practice and complications, Br J Anaesth, vol.108, pp.792-799, 2012.

T. M. Cook, N. Woodall, J. Harper, and J. Benger, Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 2: intensive care and emergency departments, Br J Anaesth, vol.106, pp.632-642, 2011.

T. C. Mort, Emergency tracheal intubation: complications associated with repeated laryngoscopic attempts, Anesth Analg, vol.99, pp.607-613, 2004.

J. C. Sakles, E. G. Laurin, A. A. Rantapaa, and E. A. Panacek, Airway management in the emergency department: a one-year study of 610 tracheal intubations, Ann Emerg Med, vol.31, pp.325-332, 1998.

G. Chanques and S. Jaber, Sedation assessment tool, sedation-algorithm, choice of sedation drugs: intricate concepts of an emergent clinical practice, Intensive Care Med, vol.33, pp.554-555, 2007.

G. Chanques, J. F. Payen, G. Mercier, S. De-lattre, E. Viel et al., Assessing pain in non-intubated critically ill patients unable to self report: an adaptation of the Behavioral Pain Scale, Intensive Care Med, vol.35, pp.2060-2067, 2009.

G. Chanques, S. Jaber, E. Barbotte, S. Violet, M. Sebbane et al., Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit, Crit Care Med, vol.34, pp.1691-1699, 2006.

C. Baillard, J. P. Fosse, M. Sebbane, G. Chanques, F. Vincent et al., Noninvasive ventilation improves preoxygenation before intubation of hypoxic patients, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.174, pp.171-177, 2006.

J. M. Constantin, E. Futier, A. L. Cherprenet, G. Chanques, R. Guerin et al., A recruitment maneuver increases oxygenation after intubation of hypoxemic intensive care unit patients: a randomized controlled study, Crit Care, vol.14, p.76, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01919296

G. Hedenstierna and L. Edmark, The effects of anesthesia and muscle paralysis on the respiratory system, Intensive Care Med, vol.31, pp.1327-1335, 2005.

M. Vinclair, C. Broux, P. Faure, J. Brun, C. Genty et al., Duration of adrenal inhibition following a single dose of etomidate in critically ill patients, Intensive Care Med, vol.34, pp.714-719, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00398796

S. G. Albert, S. Ariyan, and A. Rather, The effect of etomidate on adrenal function in critical illness: a systematic review, Intensive Care Med, vol.37, pp.901-910, 2011.

K. Asehnoune, P. J. Mahe, P. Seguin, S. Jaber, B. Jung et al., Etomidate increases susceptibility to pneumonia in trauma patients, Intensive Care Med, vol.38, pp.1673-1682, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00864906

B. Jung, N. Clavieras, S. Nougaret, N. Molinari, A. Roquilly et al., Effects of etomidate on complications related to intubation and on mortality in septic shock patients treated with hydrocortisone: a propensity score analysis, Crit Care, vol.16, p.224, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00768696