S. W. Adadevoh, T. K. Agble, and C. Hobbs, Menarcheal age in Ghanaian school girls, Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet, vol.30, pp.63-68, 1989.

N. L. Attallah, Age at menarche of schoolgirls in Egypt, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.5, pp.185-189, 1978.

N. L. Attallah, W. M. Matta, and M. El-mankoushi, Age at menarche of schoolgirls in Khartoum, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.10, pp.185-188, 1983.

E. R. Baker, Body weight and the initiation of puberty, Clin. Obstet. Gynecol, vol.28, pp.573-579, 1985.

V. E. Balan, Epidemiology of the climacteric period in a large city, Akush. Ginekol. Mosk, vol.3, pp.25-28, 1995.

S. Balasuriya and M. A. Fernando, Age at menarche in three districts in Sri Lanka, Ceylon Med. J, vol.28, pp.227-231, 1983.

D. Barnes-josiah and A. Augustin, Secular trend in the age at menarche in Haiti, Am. J. Hum. Biol, vol.7, pp.357-362, 1995.

C. M. Beall, Ages at menopause and menarche in a high-altitude Himalayan population, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.10, pp.365-370, 1983.

B. Belitz, A map on recent menarcheal age research in Europe, Arztl. Jugendkd, vol.68, pp.81-92, 1977.

E. Belmaker, Sexual maturation of Jerusalem schoolgirls and its association with socio-economic factors and ethnic group, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.9, pp.321-328, 1982.

M. A. Biyong, H. Rikong, and S. P. Nganga, A study of two reproductive parameters of cameroonian women, Rev. Sci. Techn, vol.2, pp.55-61, 1985.

J. L. Boldsen, Season of birth and recalled age at menarche, J. Bios. Sci, vol.24, pp.167-173, 1992.

D. E. Brown, T. V. Koenig, and A. M. Demorales, Menarche age, fatness, and fat distribution in Hawaiian adolescents, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol, vol.99, pp.239-247, 1996.

J. H. Brown and . Macroecology, , 1955.

S. N. Carda, S. A. Bilge, and T. N. Ozturk, The menopausal age related factors and climacteric symptoms in Turkish women, Maturitas, vol.30, pp.37-40, 1998.

S. N. Chow, C. C. Huang, and Y. T. Lee, Demographic characteristics and medical aspects of menopausal women in Taiwan, J. Formos. Med. Assoc, vol.96, pp.806-811, 1997.

E. Crognier and M. A. Tavares-da-rocha, Age at menarche in rural France, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.6, pp.167-169, 1979.

S. Dahlstrom, J. Viikari, and H. Akerblom, Weight, height, and age at menarche of Finnish children in 1980, Duodecim, vol.100, pp.838-848, 1984.

H. Danker, Menarcheal age in Europe, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, vol.29, pp.81-112, 1986.

H. Danker-hopfe and K. Delibalta, Menarcheal age of Turkish girls in Bremen?, Anthropol. Anz, vol.48, pp.1-14, 1990.

M. L. De-la-puente, J. Canela, and J. Alvarez, Cross-sectional growth study of the child and adolescent population of Catalonia (Spain), Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.24, pp.435-452, 1997.

K. A. Do, S. A. Treolar, and N. Pandeya, Predictive factors of age at menopause in a large Australian twin study, Hum. Biol, vol.70, pp.1073-1091, 1998.

I. Dober and L. Kiralyfalvi, Pubertal development in south-Hungarian boys and girls, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.20, pp.71-74, 1993.

J. Ducros and A. Ducros, Age at menarche in Tahiti, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.14, pp.559-562, 1987.

P. T. Ellison, Human ovarian function and reproductive ecology: New hypotheses, Am. Anthropol, vol.92, pp.933-952, 1990.

N. Farid-coupal, M. L. Contreras, and V. Castellano, The age at menarche in Carabobo, Venezuela with a note on the secular trend, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.8, pp.283-288, 1981.

M. P. Flint, Secular trends in menopause age, J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynaecol, vol.18, pp.65-72, 1997.

G. Floris, E. Murgia, and G. M. Sanciu, Age at menarche in Sardinia (Italy), Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.14, pp.285-286, 1987.

R. E. Frisch, Malnutrition and fertility, Science, vol.21, pp.1272-1273, 1982.

R. E. Frisch, Fatness, menarche and female fertility, Persp. Biol. Med, vol.28, pp.611-633, 1985.

M. Furu, Menarcheal age in Stockholm girls, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.3, pp.587-590, 1967.

P. G. Gallo, The age at menarche in Somalia, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.2, pp.197-200, 1975.

J. Garcia-baltazar, J. G. Figueroa-perea, and H. Reyes-zapata, The reproductive characteristics of adolescents and young adults in Mexico City, Salud Publica Mex, vol.35, pp.682-691, 1993.

F. Garrido-latorre, E. C. Lazcano-ponce, and L. Lopez-carrillo, Age of natural menopause among women in Mexico City, Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet, vol.53, pp.159-166, 1996.

G. F. Gonzales and A. Villena, Body mass index and age at menarche in Peruvian children living at high altitude and at sea level, Hum. Biol, vol.68, pp.265-275, 1996.

G. Gallo, P. , and A. Florio, Female fertility in Algeria: Biodemographic and psychological aspects, Genus, vol.49, pp.115-134, 1993.

R. H. Gray and P. E. Doyle, The epidemiology of conception and fertility, pp.25-59, 1983.

A. D. Gross and T. A. Smith, Age at menarche and associated nutritional status variables in Karimui and Daribi census divisions of Simbu Province, P.N.G. Med. J, vol.35, pp.84-94, 1992.

C. Guido, M. Garcia, and D. Navas, Analysis of 2746 treated abortions in the General Hospital of Managua, Int. Surg, vol.56, pp.125-127, 1971.

A. Hagstad, Gynecology and sexuality in middle-aged women, Women's Health, vol.13, pp.57-80, 1988.

M. N. Haq, Age at menarche and the related issue: A pilot study on urban school girls, J. Youth Adol, vol.13, pp.559-567, 1984.

J. Hautvast, Physical growth and menarcheal age in Tanzanian schoolchildren and adults, Hum. Biol, vol.43, pp.421-444, 1971.

P. Helm and L. Grolund, A halt in the secular trend towards earlier menarche in Denmark, Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand, vol.77, pp.198-200, 1998.

H. Hoey, L. Cox, and J. Tanner, The age of menarche in Irish girls, Irish Med. J, vol.79, pp.283-285, 1986.

K. F. Huen, S. Leung, and J. T. Lau, Secular trend in the sexual maturation of Southern Chinese girls, Acta Paediatr, vol.86, pp.1121-1124, 1997.

E. Hunt and N. W. , Newcomer. 1984. The timing and variability of menarche, cumulative fertility and menopause: A symmetrical and parsimonious bioassay model, Hum. Biol, vol.56, pp.47-62

I. Iampol'skaia, Dynamics of puberty levels in girls of Moscow, Gig Sanit, vol.3, pp.29-30, 1997.

N. N. Ismael, A study on the menopause in Malaysia, Maturitas, vol.19, pp.205-209, 1994.

, Jamaica National Family Planning Board, p.30, 1988.

H. Jones, Population Geography. 2 nd ed, 1990.

J. Jordan-rodriguez, A. Agua, and M. Ruben, Pubertal development in Cuban adolescents, Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant Mex, vol.37, pp.619-630, 1980.

A. K. Kapoor and S. Kapoor, The effects of high altitude on age at menarche and menopause, Int. J. Biometeorol, vol.30, pp.21-26, 1986.

J. Kaprio, A. Rimpela, and T. Winter, Common genetic influences on BMI and age at menarche, Hum. Biol, vol.6, pp.739-753, 1995.

I. Kato, P. Toniolo, and A. Akhmedkhanov, A. Prospective study of factors influencing the onset of natural menopause, J. Clinical. Epidemiol, vol.51, pp.1271-1276, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01646154

M. Katzarski, U. K. Rao, and K. Brady, Puberty in Zambian children, Med. J. Zambian, vol.14, pp.64-66, 1980.

A. D. Khan, D. G. Schroeder, and R. Martorell, Age at menarche and nutritional supplementation, J. Nutr, vol.125, pp.1090-1096, 1995.

S. Kim, J. Park, and K. Chung, A study on the menarche of Korean women, Chung-Ang J. Med, vol.11, pp.343-350, 1986.

S. Kirchengast, Relations between fertility, body shape and menopause in Austrian women, J. Bios. Sci, vol.24, pp.555-559, 1992.

S. Kono, Y. Sunawaga, and H. Higa, Age of menopause in Japanese women: Trends and recent changes, Maturitas, vol.12, pp.43-49, 1990.

E. Y. Kwawukume, T. S. Ghosh, and J. Wilson, Menopausal age of Ghanaian women, Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet, vol.40, pp.151-155, 1993.

T. Laska-mierzejewska, H. Millice, and H. Piechaczek, Age at menarche and its secular trend in urban and rural girls in Poland, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.9, pp.227-233, 1982.

J. H. Lawton, Are there general laws in ecology?, Oikos, vol.84, pp.177-192, 1999.

M. Loukid, A. Baali, and M. K. Hilali, Secular trend in age at menarche in Marrakesh (Morocco), Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.23, pp.333-335, 1996.

R. Luoto, J. Kaprio, and A. Uutela, Age at natural menopause and sociodemographic status in Finland, Am. J. Epidemiol, vol.139, pp.64-76, 1994.

T. E. Macgusson, Age at menarche in Iceland, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol, vol.48, pp.511-514, 1978.

R. M. Malina, Menarche in athletes: a synthesis and hypothesis, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.10, pp.1-24, 1983.

R. M. Malina and C. Bouchard, Growth, Maturation and Physical Activity, 1991.

P. Mancebo, C. Contreras, and E. Perez, Age of menarche of Dominican girls, Arch. Domin. Pediat, vol.26, pp.7-11, 1990.

C. G. Mascie-taylor and J. L. Boldsen, Recalled age at menarche in Britain, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.13, pp.253-257, 1986.

M. T. Mbizvo, J. Kasule, and V. Gupta, Reproductive biology knowledge, and behaviour of teenagers in East, Central and Southern Africa: The Zimbabwe case study, Cent. Afr. J. Med, vol.41, pp.346-354, 1995.

A. P. Møller, Development stability and fitness: A review, Am. Nat, vol.149, pp.916-932, 1997.

M. A. Morabia and . Costanza, The World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives: International variability in ages at menarche, first livebirth and menopause, Am. J. Epidemiol, vol.148, pp.1195-1205, 1998.

A. Morabia, N. Khatchatrian, and M. Bernstein, Reproductive characteristics of a population of urban Swiss women, Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand, vol.75, pp.838-842, 1996.

P. Nafstad, B. Stray-pedersen, and M. Solvberg, Menarche and menstruation problems among teenagers in Oslo, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, vol.155, pp.604-606, 1993.

I. Nakamura, M. Shimura, and K. Nonaka, Changes of recollected menarcheal age and month among women in Tokyo over a period of 90 years, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.13, pp.547-554, 1986.

T. S. Osteria, Nutritional status and menarche in a rural community in the Philippines, Philip. J. Nutr, vol.36, pp.150-156, 1983.

F. Parazzini, E. Negri, and C. L. Vecchia, Reproductive and general lifestyle determinants of age at menopause, Maturitas, vol.15, pp.141-149, 1992.

F. Pardo and G. Uriza, Study of adolescent pregnancy in 11 Colombian institutions, Rev. Colomb. Obstet. Ginecolog, vol.42, pp.109-121, 1991.

D. L. Parker, Child labor. The impact of economic exploitation on the health and welfare of children, Minnesota Med, vol.80, pp.55-55, 1997.

A. Pentzos-daponte and S. Grefen-peters, Age of the menarche of girls in Thessaloniki, Greece. Anthropol. Anz, vol.42, pp.219-225, 1984.

M. Piya-anant, S. Suvanichchati, and M. Bharscharirl, Sexual maturation in Thai girls, J. Med. Assoc. Thai, vol.80, pp.557-564, 1997.

G. Psacharopoulos, Child labor versus educational attainment: Some evidence from Latin America, J. Pop. Econom, vol.10, pp.377-386, 1997.

J. Ramoso-jalbuena, Climacteric Filipino women: A preliminary survey in the Philippines, Maturitas, vol.19, pp.183-190, 1994.

R. Rashid-tozin, I. Mugeni, and L. Shango, Average age at menarche of Zairian girls in Kinshasa, Zaire. Ann. Soc. Belge Med. Trop, vol.64, pp.69-74, 1984.

M. Rees, The age of menarche, Orgyn, vol.4, pp.2-4, 1995.

A. P. Riley, Determinants of adolescent fertility and its consequences for maternal health, with special reference to rural Bangladesh, Ann. New York Acad. Sci, vol.709, pp.86-100, 1994.

A. P. Riley and N. U. Khan, Age at first marriage for women in Matlab, The role of biological and social determinants. Unpublished report presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, p.13, 1993.

D. E. Rizk, A. Bener, and M. Ezimokhai, The age and symptomatology of natural menopause among United Arab Emirates women, Maturitas, vol.29, pp.197-202, 1998.

K. O. Rogo, R. K. Oniang'o, and L. A. Muruli, Menarche in African girls in some post-secondary institutions in Kenya, East Afr. Med. J, vol.64, pp.745-750, 1987.

M. L. Rosenzweig, Species diversity in space and time, 1995.

C. Rougerie and J. Courtois, A step toward adulthood: The first real job, Population, vol.52, pp.1297-1327, 1997.

J. Salat-baroux, The menopause and its problems, Sem. Hop, vol.56, pp.1343-1345, 1980.

J. Samba, Report of socio-demographic survey, Projet FNUAP CNG, p.31, 1982.

R. S. Samil and S. D. Wishnuwardhani, Health of indonesian women city-dwellers of perimenopause age, Maturitas, vol.19, pp.191-197, 1994.

. Samsudin, The age of menarche as related to physical growth of junior high school girls in Jakarta, Paediatr. Indones, vol.30, pp.254-260, 1990.

K. B. Simondon, I. Simon, and F. Simondon, Nutritional status and age at menarche of Senegalese adolescents, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.24, pp.521-532, 1997.

L. Singh and S. Ahuja, An estimation of reproductive performance in the women of Punjab, Anthropl. Anz, vol.37, pp.266-270, 1980.

M. Sosa-henriquez, M. C. Navarro-rodriguez, and J. M. , Age of menopause onset in Canary Islands women, Rev. Sanid. Hig. Publica, vol.68, pp.385-391, 1994.

V. A. Soto-caceres, D. Guevara-servigon, and C. , Peru: Sexuality and family planning in women of different socioeconomic status, Persp. Inter. Planif. Famil, pp.29-32, 1988.

. St, I. M. George, S. Williams, and P. A. Silva, Body size and the menarche: The Dunedin Study, J. Adolesc. Health, vol.15, pp.573-576, 1994.

J. L. Stanford, P. Hartge, and L. A. Brinton, Factors influencing the age at natural menopause, J. Chron. Dis, vol.40, pp.995-1002, 1987.

R. Stukovsky, J. A. Valsik, and M. Bulai-stirbu, Family size and menarcheal age in Constanza, Roumania, Hum. Biol, vol.39, pp.277-283, 1967.

F. Thomas, A. T. Teriokhin, and F. Renaud, Human longevity at the cost of reproductive success: Evidence from global data, J. Evol. Biol, vol.13, pp.409-414, 2000.

S. A. Treolar, K. A. Do, and N. G. Martin, Genetic influences on the age at menopause, Lancet, vol.35, pp.1084-1085, 1998.

L. Tryggvadottir, H. Tulinius, and M. A. Larusdottir, Decline and a halt in mean age at menarche in Iceland, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.21, pp.179-186, 1994.

S. Tungphaisal, V. Chandeying, and S. Sutthijumroon, Postmenopausal sexuality in Thai women, Asia Oceania J. Obstet. Gynaecol, vol.17, pp.143-146, 1991.

S. J. Ulijaszek, E. Evans, and D. S. Miller, Age at menarche of European, Afro-Caribbean and Indo-Pakistani schoolgirls living in London, Ann. Hum. Biol, vol.18, pp.167-175, 1991.

W. N. Venables and B. D. Ripley, Modern Applied Statistics with S-Plus, 1994.

M. Vercauteren and C. Susanne, Current age of the menarche in Belgium, Anthropol. Anz, vol.42, pp.211-217, 1984.

K. Vicdan, S. Kukner, and T. Dabakoglu, Demographic and epidemiologic features of females adolescents in Turkey, J. Adolesc. Health, vol.18, pp.54-58, 1996.

A. R. Walker, B. F. Walker, and J. Ncongwane, Age at menopause in black women in South Africa, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol, vol.91, pp.797-801, 1984.

R. J. Walsh, The age of the menopause of Australian women, Med. J. Aust, vol.2, pp.182-215, 1978.

M. P. Warren, Effects of undernutrition on reproductive function in the human, Endocr. Reviews, vol.4, pp.363-377, 1983.

R. G. Westendorp and T. B. Kirkwood, Human longevity at the cost of reproductive success, Nature, vol.396, pp.743-746, 1998.

C. S. Wilson, Malay reproductive practices in a modernizing village: An update, p.11, 1985.

, Survey Design and Findings. Sanaa, Yemen, Central Planning Organization, Yemen Arab Republic Fertility Survey. 1979, vol.1, p.178

Z. C. Zablan, Proximate determinants of Philippine fertility: 1983 levels and patterns, Philipp. Pop. J, vol.4, pp.81-102, 1988.

J. H. Zar, Biostatistical Analysis. 3 rd version, 1996.

G. Zoppi, Physiology of pubertal maturation, Pediatr. Med. Chir, vol.14, pp.375-379, 1992.

S. M. Zurlo-de-mirotti, A. M. Lesa, and M. Barron-de-carbonetti, Age of menarche. Secondary sex characteristics. Interrelation. Secular trend, Rev. Fac. Cien. Med. Univ. Nac. Cordoba, vol.53, pp.7-15, 1995.