P. C. Nowell, The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations, Science, vol.194, pp.23-31, 1976.

C. M. Perou, T. Sørlie, M. B. Eisen, M. Van-de-rijn, S. S. Jeffrey et al., Molecular portraits of human breast tumours, Nature, vol.406, pp.747-52, 2000.

A. E. Giuliano, K. K. Hunt, K. V. Ballman, P. D. Beitsch, P. W. Whitworth et al., Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA, vol.305, pp.569-75, 2011.

M. Donker, G. Van-tienhoven, M. E. Straver, P. Meijnen, C. J. Van-de-velde et al., Radiotherapy or surgery of the axilla after a positive sentinel node in breast cancer (EORTC 10981-22023 AMAROS): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial, Lancet Oncol, vol.15, pp.1303-1313, 2014.

R. Jagsi, M. Chadha, J. Moni, K. Ballman, L. F. Buchholz et al., Radiation field design in the ACOSOG Z0011 (alliance) trial, J Clin Oncol, vol.32, pp.3600-3606, 2014.

S. Tasob, Position Statement on Management of the Axilla in Patients With Invasive Breast Cancer, 2011.

J. A. Dewar, D. Sarrazin, E. Benhamou, J. Y. Petit, S. Benhamou et al., Management of the axilla in conservatively treated breast cancer: 592 patients treated at institut Gustave-Roussy, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, vol.13, pp.475-81, 1987.

C. Louis-sylvestre, K. Clough, B. Asselain, J. R. Vilcoq, R. J. Salmon et al., Axillary treatment in conservative management of operable breast cancer: dissection or radiotherapy? Results of a randomized study with 15 years of follow-up, J Clin Oncol, vol.22, pp.97-101, 2004.

B. Fisher, C. Redmond, E. R. Fisher, M. Bauer, N. Wolmark et al., Ten-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with or without radiation, N Engl J Med, vol.312, pp.674-81, 1985.

O. Mahmoud and B. G. Haffty, Regional nodal management in the light of the AMAROS trial, Ann Transl Med, vol.3, p.88, 2015.

S. Li, F. Liu, K. Chen, N. Rao, Y. Xie et al., The extent of axillary surgery is associated with breast cancer-specific survival in T1-2 breast cancer patients with 1 or 2 positive lymph nodes: a SEER-population study, Medicine, vol.95, p.3254, 2016.

M. De-boer, J. A. Van-dijck, P. Bult, G. F. Borm, . Tjan-heijnen et al., Breast cancer prognosis and occult lymph node metastases, isolated tumor cells, and micrometastases, J Natl Cancer Inst, vol.102, pp.410-435, 2010.

B. Fisher, M. Bauer, D. L. Wickerham, C. K. Redmond, E. R. Fisher et al., Relation of number of positive axillary nodes to the prognosis of patients with primary breast cancer. An NSABP update, Cancer, vol.52, pp.1551-1558, 1983.

J. Reed, M. Rosman, K. M. Verbanac, A. Mannie, Z. Cheng et al., Prognostic implications of isolated tumor cells and micrometastases in sentinel nodes of patients with invasive breast cancer: 10-year analysis of patients enrolled in the prospective East Carolina university/Anne Arundel medical center sentinel node multicenter study, J Am Coll Surg, vol.208, pp.333-373, 2009.

E. J. Ban, J. S. Lee, J. S. Koo, S. Park, S. I. Kim et al., How many sentinel lymph nodes are enough for accurate axillary staging in t1-2 breast cancer?, J Breast Cancer, vol.14, pp.296-300, 2011.

M. K. Kim, H. S. Park, J. Y. Kim, S. Kim, N. S. Park et al., The clinical implication of the number of lymph nodes harvested during sentinel lymph node biopsy and its effects on survival outcome in patients with node-negative breast cancer, Am J Surg, vol.214, pp.726-758, 2017.

P. Mcgale, C. Taylor, C. Correa, D. Cutter, and F. Duane, Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials, EBCTCG (Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group), vol.383, pp.60488-60496, 2014.

. Ebctcg), S. Darby, P. Mcgale, C. Correa, C. Taylor et al., Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials, Lancet, vol.378, issue.11, pp.61629-61631, 2011.

T. J. Whelan, I. A. Olivotto, and M. N. Levine, Regional nodal irradiation in early-stage breast cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.373, pp.1878-1887, 2015.

P. M. Poortmans, S. Collette, C. Kirkove, E. Van-limbergen, V. Budach et al., Internal mammary and medial supraclavicular irradiation in breast cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.373, pp.317-344, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00486378

B. V. Offersen, L. J. Boersma, C. Kirkove, S. Hol, M. C. Aznar et al., ESTRO consensus guideline on target volume delineation for elective radiation therapy of early stage breast cancer, Radiother Oncol, vol.114, pp.3-10, 2015.

Y. Belkacemi, Q. Allab-pan, V. Bigorie, W. Khodari, P. Beaussart et al., The standard tangential fields used for breast irradiation do not allow optimal coverage and dose distribution in axillary levels I-II and the sentinel node area, Ann Oncol, vol.24, pp.2023-2031, 2013.

B. J. Van-wely, S. Teerenstra, D. A. Schinagl, T. J. Aufenacker, J. H. De-wilt et al., Systematic review of the effect of external beam radiation therapy to the breast on axillary recurrence after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy, Br J Surg, vol.98, pp.326-359, 2011.

A. E. Giuliano, K. Ballman, L. Mccall, P. Beitsch, P. W. Whitworth et al., Locoregional recurrence after sentinel lymph node dissection with or without axillary dissection in patients with sentinel lymph node metastases: long-term follow-up from the American college of surgeons oncology group (alliance) ACOSOG Z0011 randomized trial, Ann Surg, vol.264, pp.413-433, 2016.

B. G. Haffty, K. K. Hunt, J. R. Harris, and T. A. Buchholz, Positive sentinel nodes without axillary dissection: implications for the radiation oncologist, J Clin Oncol, vol.29, pp.4479-81, 2011.

B. Fowble, L. J. Solin, D. J. Schultz, and R. L. Goodman, Frequency, sites of relapse, and outcome of regional node failures following conservative surgery and radiation for early breast cancer, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, vol.17, pp.703-713, 1989.

B. Fisher, N. Wolmark, M. Bauer, C. Redmond, and M. Gebhardt, The accuracy of clinical nodal staging and of limited axillary dissection as a determinant of histologic nodal status in carcinoma of the breast, Surg Gynecol Obstet, vol.152, pp.765-72, 1981.

W. J. Gradishar, B. O. Anderson, R. Balassanian, S. L. Blair, H. J. Burstein et al., NCCN guidelines insights: breast cancer, version 1, J Natl Compr Canc Netw, vol.15, pp.433-51, 2017.

Y. Belkacémi, A. Fourquet, B. Cutuli, C. Bourgier, M. Hery et al., Radiotherapy for invasive breast cancer: guidelines for clinical practice from the French expert review board of Nice/Saint-Paul de Vence, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, vol.79, pp.91-102, 2011.

A. S. Coates, E. P. Winer, A. Goldhirsch, R. D. Gelber, M. Gnant et al., Tailoring therapies -improving the management of early breast cancer, St Gallen International expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer, vol.26, pp.1533-1579, 2015.

E. P. Mamounas, S. J. Anderson, J. J. Dignam, H. D. Bear, T. B. Julian et al., Predictors of locoregional recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: results from combined analysis of National surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project B-18 and B-27, J Clin Oncol, vol.30, pp.3960-3966, 2012.

M. Pilewskie and M. Morrow, Axillary nodal management following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a review, JAMA Oncol, vol.3, pp.549-55, 2017.

C. Lemanski, X. Druet, O. Riou, A. Ducteil, D. Azria et al.,

, Cancer Radiother, vol.19, pp.271-276, 2015.

S. Rivera, G. Louvel, R. Del-campo, E. Boros, A. Oueslati et al., Cancer Radiother, vol.19, pp.253-60, 2015.

J. M. Bartlett, J. Christiansen, M. Gustavson, D. L. Rimm, T. Piper et al., Validation of the IHC4 breast cancer prognostic algorithm using multiple approaches on the multinational TEAM clinical trial, Arch Pathol Lab Med, vol.140, pp.66-74, 2016.

E. A. Mittendorf, K. K. Hunt, J. C. Boughey, R. Bassett, A. C. Degnim et al., Incorporation of sentinel lymph node metastasis size into a nomogram predicting nonsentinel lymph node involvement in breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel lymph node, Ann Surg, vol.255, pp.109-124, 2012.

K. J. Van-zee, D. M. Manasseh, J. L. Bevilacqua, S. K. Boolbol, J. V. Fey et al., A nomogram for predicting the likelihood of additional nodal metastases in breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel node biopsy, Ann Surg Oncol, vol.10, pp.1140-51, 2003.

X. Bi, Y. Wang, M. Li, P. Chen, Z. Zhou et al., Validation of the memorial sloan kettering cancer center nomogram for predicting non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in sentinel lymph node-positive breast-cancer patients, Onco Targets Ther, vol.8, pp.487-93, 2015.

E. A. Rakha, S. Martin, A. H. Lee, D. Morgan, P. D. Pharoah et al., The prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in invasive breast carcinoma, Cancer, vol.118, pp.3670-80, 2012.

A. Nottegar, N. Veronese, M. Senthil, R. M. Roumen, B. Stubbs et al., Extra-nodal extension of sentinel lymph node metastasis is a marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients: a systematic review and an exploratory meta-analysis, Eur J Surg Oncol, vol.42, pp.919-944, 2016.

Y. H. Liu, O. C. Wang, E. D. Chen, Y. F. Cai, C. M. Pan et al., Unexpected features of breast cancer subtype, World J Surg Oncol, vol.13, p.249, 2015.

C. D. Shriver, M. T. Hueman, and R. E. Ellsworth, Molecular signatures of lymph node status by intrinsic subtype: gene expression analysis of primary breast tumors from patients with and without metastatic lymph nodes, J Exp Clin Cancer Res, vol.33, p.116, 2014.

T. Jones, H. Neboori, H. Wu, Q. Yang, B. G. Haffty et al., Are breast cancer subtypes prognostic for nodal involvement and associated with clinicopathologic features at presentation in early-stage breast cancer?, Ann Surg Oncol, vol.20, pp.2866-72, 2013.

Y. Feng, B. Sun, X. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Niu et al., Differentially expressed genes between primary cancer and paired lymph node metastases predict clinical outcome of node-positive breast cancer patients, Breast Cancer Res Treat, vol.103, pp.319-348, 2007.

L. M. Paula, D. Moraes, L. H. , D. Canto, A. L. et al., Analysis of molecular markers as predictive factors of lymph node involvement in breast carcinoma, Oncol Lett, vol.13, pp.488-96, 2017.

E. P. Mamounas, Q. Liu, S. Paik, F. L. Baehner, G. Tang et al., 21-Gene recurrence score and locoregional recurrence in node-positive/ER-positive breast cancer treated with chemo-endocrine therapy, J Natl Cancer Inst, vol.109, issue.4, p.259, 2017.

U. Veronesi, G. Paganelli, G. Viale, A. Luini, S. Zurrida et al., A randomized comparison of sentinel-node biopsy with routine axillary dissection in breast cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.349, pp.546-53, 2003.

A. Fleissig, L. J. Fallowfield, C. I. Langridge, L. Johnson, R. G. Newcombe et al., Post-operative arm morbidity and quality of life. Results of the ALMANAC randomised trial comparing sentinel node biopsy with standard axillary treatment in the management of patients with early breast cancer, Breast Cancer Res Treat, vol.95, pp.279-93, 2006.

S. R. Land, J. A. Kopec, T. B. Julian, A. M. Brown, S. J. Anderson et al., Patient-reported outcomes in sentinel node-negative adjuvant breast cancer patients receiving sentinel-node biopsy or axillary dissection: National surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project phase III protocol B-32, J Clin Oncol, vol.28, pp.3929-3965, 2010.

M. Deutsch, S. Land, M. Begovic, and S. Sharif, The incidence of arm edema in women with breast cancer randomized on the National surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project study B-04 to radical mastectomy versus total mastectomy and radiotherapy versus total mastectomy alone, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, vol.70, pp.1020-1024, 2008.

T. S. Lee, S. L. Kilbreath, K. M. Refshauge, R. D. Herbert, and J. M. Beith, Prognosis of the upper limb following surgery and radiation for breast cancer, Breast Cancer Res Treat, vol.110, pp.19-37, 2008.

S. A. Norman, A. R. Localio, S. L. Potashnik, S. Torpey, H. A. Kallan et al., Lymphedema in breast cancer survivors: incidence, degree, time course, treatment, and symptoms, J Clin Oncol, vol.27, pp.390-397, 2009.

B. Newman, F. Lose, M. A. Kedda, M. Francois, K. Ferguson et al., Possible genetic predisposition to lymphedema after breast cancer, Lymphat Res Biol, vol.10, pp.2-13, 2012.