Sputtering Fuel cell NMR Lithium-ion batteries Intercalation Fermi contact MnO2 Electrolytes FeWO 4 Exsolution Cycling stability GGA+U Electrodes Electrical conductivity Lithium battery Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Electrochemical Capacitor Electrochemistry Cycle performance Microbatteries Graphite Batteries - Li-ion Nickel oxide Failure mechanism Li-ion battery Electrochemical capacitors Electrochemical electrodes Electrochemical capacitor Energy storage Lithium-ion battery FIB/SEM Thin films EIS Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Fe Ionic liquid electrolytes MXenes CO2 electrolysis XPS CVD Electrode Organic batteries Diazonium chemistry Chemical vapor deposition Diazonium salts Ionic liquid Batteries SOFC Electronic structure Micro-supercapacitor Ionogels Microstructure Anodes Perovskite Negative electrode Aqueous electrolyte Supercapacitor Anode Operando Silicon Lithium ion battery Manganese dioxide Grafting Degradation Micro-supercapacitors Binder Interface Electrode material Crystal structure Ionogel LiFePO4 Vanadium nitride Current collector DFT Diazonium Magnetron sputtering Ionic conductivity Capacitance Graphene MXene MAS NMR Electrolyte Li-ion batteries Lithium batteries Organic battery Supercapacitors Pseudocapacitance Activated carbon Cyclic voltammetry Electrochemical performance Impedance spectroscopy Coating Titanium nitride Microdevice Lithium ion batteries Organic electrode materials Mercury Positive electrode DFT calculations Transition metals