Development of a sustainable flax fiber-reinforced composite for low energy impact
Résumé
In this study, a unidirectional layer of flax fibers is backed to a thin mat binder made of short flax fibers, the combination being used as reinforcement in an epoxy matrix. Using this reinforcement, two types of composite laminates were examined: a unidirectional [0]8 and a crossply [0/90]2s. These laminates were tested under uniaxial tension before and after impact at low energy levels. For comparison, synthetic glass fiber laminates made of the same stacking sequences and fiber volume fraction (40%) were tested under the same loading conditions. The findings indicate that the specific stiffness of the flax fiber composite is approximately 7% higher than that of the glass fiber composite, regardless of the stacking sequence used. When it comes to low-energy impact resistance, the cross-ply laminate demonstrates superior performance with greater impact resistance and less permanent deformation compared to the unidirectional laminate. The study also explores the hybridization of flax and glass fibers, suggesting a promising approach that leverages the synergistic effects of employing two different types of fibers in the laminate. The comparison of energy absorption during impact shows that the hybrid flax/glass composite has a greater energy absorption capacity than the glass fiber composite. Additionally, hybridization helps mitigate the degradation of tensile properties caused by impact, representing an effective strategy to enhance the post-impact mechanical properties of the flax fiber composite.
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